Know the sql database table wise size

SET NOCOUNT ON

DBCC UPDATEUSAGE(0)

-- DB size.
EXEC sp_spaceused

-- Table row counts and sizes.
CREATE TABLE #t
(
    [name] NVARCHAR(128),
    [rows] int,
    reserved VARCHAR(18),
    data VARCHAR(18),
    index_size VARCHAR(18),
    unused VARCHAR(18)
)

INSERT #t EXEC sp_msForEachTable 'EXEC sp_spaceused ''?'''

SELECT *
FROM   #t order by rows desc

-- # of rows.
SELECT SUM(CAST([rows] AS int)) AS [rows]
FROM   #t

DROP TABLE #t

Know the SQL database size in mb kb and GB

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS DatabaseName,
Name AS Logical_Name,
Physical_Name, (size*8)/1024 SizeMB,
(size*8) / 1024 AS '(MB)',
((size*8) / 1024) / 1024 AS '(GB)'
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE DB_NAME(database_id) = 'Chromalox'

Insert/Update Sql table data using PowerShell Script

## open database connection
$conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection("Data Source=servername; Initial Catalog=databasename; Integrated Security=SSPI")
$conn.Open()

$cmd = $conn.CreateCommand()
$cmd.CommandText ="INSERT tblTemp VALUES ('Server1', 'C:', 456)"
$cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
$conn.Close()

Save the above code as .ps1 in your machine and then use below code in powershell.exe window to execute your script ....

powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File D:\Projects\PowerShell_ImportProject\TestScript_InsertSQL.ps1


And you are done .. same way you can use update statement or so .... you can use for loop as per your requirement to insert data into sql server....